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Inter-categorical intersectionality and leisure-based physical activity in Canada.

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Social inequalities in leisure physical activity in Canada are complex. This study reveals that race, gender, class, and sexual orientation intersect, impacting activity levels differently across groups, especially for visible minority women.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology of Sport
  • Public Health
  • Health Inequalities

Background:

  • Leisure-based physical activity participation exhibits social stratification in Canada.
  • Previous research often examined inequalities in physical activity by race, gender, class, or sexual orientation separately, as additive phenomena.
  • Intersectionality theory offers a framework to understand how these social categories interact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intersecting effects of racial identity, gender, class, and sexual orientation on leisure-based physical activity in Canada.
  • To apply the intersectional principle of multiplicativity to analyze how these social factors influence physical activity participation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from Cycles 2.1 and 3.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey (n=149,574).
  • Application of the intersectional principle of multiplicativity to examine the combined influence of social determinants.
  • Statistical analysis to identify patterns in physical activity based on intersecting social identities.

Main Results:

  • The positive association between income and physical activity was strongest for visible minority men, moderate for White men and women, and weak to non-existent for visible minority women.
  • A lesbian, gay, or bisexual orientation was linked to higher physical activity likelihood in women, particularly those with lower education levels, but not in men.
  • Findings demonstrate multiplicative, rather than purely additive, effects of social inequalities on physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • Additive approaches are insufficient for understanding social inequalities in leisure-based physical activity.
  • Intersectional analyses are crucial for capturing the complex interplay of race, gender, class, and sexuality in shaping physical activity.
  • Future research should continue to explore the diverse, intersecting effects of social axes on health behaviors.