Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

912
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
912
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

1.4K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.4K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.4K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.4K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

14.9K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
14.9K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

5.9K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.9K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

1.2K
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beta Blockers to Improve Post-MI Outcomes in Patients Without HF.

American family physician·2026
Same author

The Evolving Role of Critical Access Hospitals in Rural Physician Training.

JAMA health forum·2025
Same author

Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment.

American family physician·2025
Same author

Comparing Indian Health Service Sites to Rural Physician Teaching Hospitals.

JAMA internal medicine·2025
Same author

Evaluating Teaching Health Center Planning and Development: Unlocking and Sustaining the Full Potential of the Teaching Health Center Program.

Journal of graduate medical education·2025
Same author

Faculty Development in New and Emerging Rural Residency Programs.

Journal of graduate medical education·2025
Same journal

Does taking BP medicine at night (vs morning) result in fewer cardiovascular events?

The Journal of family practice·2023
Same journal

Preventing RSV in children and adults: A vaccine update.

The Journal of family practice·2023
Same journal

Essential oils: How safe? How effective?

The Journal of family practice·2023
Same journal

51-year-old woman • History of Graves disease • General fatigue, palpitations, and hand tremors • Dx?

The Journal of family practice·2023
Same journal

Renewing the dream.

The Journal of family practice·2023
Same journal

55-year-old woman • Myalgias and progressive symmetrical proximal weakness • History of unilateral renal agenesis, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia • Dx?

The Journal of family practice·2023
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies
07:29

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

Published on: June 20, 2015

20.3K

What next when metformin isn't enough for type 2 diabetes?

Emily M Hawes1, Joseph Wehby1, Anne Mounsey1

  • 1University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|March 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choosing between oral agents, basal insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists for diabetes management can be complex. This case vignette provides insights for patient-centered treatment selection.

More Related Videos

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

72.4K
Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies
07:29

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

Published on: June 20, 2015

20.3K
Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

72.4K
Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management requires careful consideration of various therapeutic options.
  • Balancing efficacy, safety, and patient-centered factors is crucial for optimal T2DM treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide insights into selecting appropriate antihyperglycemic agents for type 2 diabetes.
  • To compare treatment choices including oral agents, basal insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).

Main Methods:

  • Presentation of a patient-centered case vignette.
  • Discussion of treatment decision-making processes.

Main Results:

  • The vignette highlights key considerations for choosing between different classes of diabetes medications.
  • Illustrates the application of evidence-based guidelines in clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal selection of additional oral agents, basal insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists depends on individual patient profiles.
  • Patient-centered decision-making is paramount in managing type 2 diabetes effectively.