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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology
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Altered Proteins in the Aging Brain.

Adila Elobeid1, Sylwia Libard1, Marina Leino1

  • 1From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (AE, SL, IA); and Department of Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden (AE, SL, ML, SNP, IA).

Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
|March 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altered brain proteins like hyperphosphorylated-tau (HPτ) and β-amyloid are common in cognitively unimpaired aged individuals, increasing with age. This finding is crucial for developing diagnostic biomarkers for early neurodegenerative disease detection.

Keywords:
AgingCognitionHyperphosphorylated-τImmunohistochemistryTransactive response DNA binding protein 43.α-Synucleinβ-Amyloid

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuropathology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Accumulation of specific proteins in the brain is linked to neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Understanding the prevalence of these proteins in aging is critical for early diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence and age-related incidence of four common altered brain proteins in cognitively unimpaired individuals.
  • To investigate the relationship between these protein pathologies and age-related tauopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Post-mortem brain tissue analysis of 296 cognitively unimpaired subjects (age 50-102).
  • Immunohistochemical assessment for hyperphosphorylated-tau (HPτ), β-amyloid, α-synuclein (αS), and TDP43-immunoreactivity (TDP43-IR).
  • Correlation analysis with age, Braak stage, and Thal phase.

Main Results:

  • HPτ-IR was found in 98% of subjects, with increasing incidence and stage with age.
  • β-amyloid was present in 47%, with its stage correlating with HPτ and age.
  • TDP43-IR (36%) and αS-IR (19%) were also observed; 52% met criteria for primary age-related tauopathy (PART).

Conclusions:

  • Altered protein accumulation is highly prevalent in cognitively unimpaired aged brains.
  • These findings necessitate consideration in diagnostic biomarker development for early neurodegenerative disease identification.
  • The high incidence of HPτ suggests its early role in age-related brain changes.