Ethnic Differences in Gestational Weight Gain: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Norway

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Gestational weight gain (GWG) is crucial for maternal and infant health.
• Ethnic variations in GWG may exist, necessitating culturally sensitive health guidance.
• Understanding these differences can inform targeted interventions for diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate ethnic disparities in GWG among pregnant women in Oslo, Norway.
• To identify specific ethnic groups with potentially higher or lower GWG.
• To provide evidence for tailored prenatal care strategies.

Main Methods:

• Population-based cohort study of 632 healthy pregnant women across six ethnic groups.
• GWG assessed at 15 and 28 weeks' gestation; total GWG self-reported.
• Linear regression analysis adjusted for maternal age, BMI, education, nausea, and smoking status.

Main Results:

• No significant ethnic differences in GWG were observed by 15 weeks' gestation.
• By 28 weeks, Eastern European women gained 2.71 kg and Middle Eastern women 1.32 kg more than the reference group (Western European).
• Total adjusted GWG was 3.47 kg higher for Eastern European women; differences were more pronounced among non-smokers.

Conclusions:

• Eastern European and Middle Eastern women exhibited higher average GWG than Western European women.
• These findings highlight potential ethnic-specific needs for GWG management.
• Targeted attention and interventions may be beneficial for these groups during pregnancy.