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Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
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Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality.

Fons van der Plas1, Pete Manning2, Santiago Soliveres3

  • 1Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; fonsvanderplas@gmail.com.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biodiversity loss impacts ecosystem functions locally. At landscape scales, species turnover (β-diversity) positively drives forest multifunctionality, unlike species richness (α-diversity).

Keywords:
FunDivEUROPEbiodiversityecosystem functioningspatial scaleβ-diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Forestry
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Local biodiversity loss is known to impair ecosystem multifunctionality.
  • The influence of biodiversity on ecosystem multifunctionality at landscape scales is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between local tree species richness (α-diversity) and species turnover (β-diversity) and landscape-scale multifunctionality.
  • To assess the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem functions across European forests.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a pan-European dataset of 209 forest plots across six countries.
  • Measured 16 distinct ecosystem functions.
  • Employed simulations to analyze the effects of α-diversity and β-diversity on landscape multifunctionality, controlling for environmental variables.

Main Results:

  • Relationships between α-diversity and landscape multifunctionality were variable, ranging from positive to negative depending on the metric used.
  • Significant relationships between β-diversity and landscape multifunctionality were consistently positive.
  • High spatial turnover in tree species composition correlated with high spatial turnover in ecosystem functions.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial species turnover (β-diversity) is a key driver of landscape-scale forest multifunctionality.
  • Biotic homogenization, a reduction in biodiversity differences across landscapes, may negatively impact large-scale ecosystem functions.
  • Findings have significant implications for forest management and conservation strategies aimed at maintaining ecosystem services.