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Causes of death in Vanuatu
Karen Carter1, Viran Tovu2, Jeffrey Tila Langati3
1Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), B.P. D5, Nouméa, Cedex 98848 New Caledonia ; School of Population Health (SPH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 Australia.
Population Health Metrics
|March 17, 2016
Summary
Vanuatu faces a dual disease burden, with high mortality in young children from perinatal issues and infections, and in adults from non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Demography
Background:
- Vanuatu's vital registration system is incomplete, necessitating indirect estimation of mortality and life expectancy.
- Limited cause of death data exists, hindering comprehensive understanding of premature mortality patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze causes of death in Vanuatu for ages 0-59 years using available data from 2001-2007.
- To estimate national proportional mortality by cause and age group.
Main Methods:
- Coded deaths from hospital records and community health facilities using ICD-10.
- Calculated proportional mortality by cause, excluding ill-defined causes.
- Estimated national proportional mortality using a weighted average of different data sources.
Main Results:
- Leading causes of death under 5 years: perinatal disorders (45%) and infections (malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia) (27%).
- In adults (15-59 years), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) dominate: circulatory disease, neoplasms, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases account for 52-60%.
- Significant mortality from liver disease (18% in males, 9% in females) and injuries (13% in males, 6% in females).
Conclusions:
- Vanuatu exhibits a double burden of disease, with high mortality from perinatal disorders and infections in children.
- Adults face significant mortality from NCDs (cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, diabetes) and injuries.
- High maternal mortality ratio (130/100,000) indicates a critical public health concern.
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