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Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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The Skin Microbiota01:27

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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases
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Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases

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Skin barrier in rosacea.

Flavia Alvim Sant'Anna Addor1

  • 1São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia
|March 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The skin barrier, particularly the stratum corneum, is active and adaptive, influencing inflammation. Rosacea involves skin barrier abnormalities that worsen symptoms and prolong flare-ups.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Skin Biology
  • Immunodermatology

Background:

  • The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active and adaptive structure.
  • It plays a role in regulating inflammatory responses, including keratinocyte activation, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia.
  • Existing research suggests skin barrier abnormalities are present in rosacea, contributing to disease severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current literature on the characteristics and effects of skin barrier dysfunction in rosacea.
  • To elucidate the role of the skin barrier in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of rosacea symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the skin barrier in rosacea.
  • Analysis of data on stratum corneum function, inflammation, and their interplay in rosacea pathogenesis.

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
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Main Results:

  • The stratum corneum exhibits metabolic activity and adaptive functions relevant to inflammatory processes.
  • Inflammation in rosacea leads to skin barrier abnormalities, creating a cycle that prolongs flare-ups and intensifies symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Skin barrier abnormalities are a significant factor in rosacea, contributing to its chronic and relapsing nature.
  • Understanding these barrier defects is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies for rosacea management.