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Modulation of R-gene expression across environments.

Alice MacQueen1, Joy Bergelson2

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

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Summary

Plant resistance (R-) genes show dynamic expression changes in response to environmental shifts, suggesting natural selection optimizes R-gene activity to balance pathogen defense and fitness costs across diverse conditions.

Keywords:
Arabidopsis thalianaR-gene.climatedisease resistanceenvironmental stressgene expressionnatural variationplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Plant environments vary in pathogen growth potential.
  • Resistance (R-) genes in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit significant expression differences across environments.
  • Understanding R-gene expression plasticity is crucial for plant defense strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if R-gene expression adjusts to environmental conditions favoring pathogen growth.
  • To determine if R-gene expression decreases in low-infection-risk environments to mitigate fitness costs.
  • To explore the relationship between environmental variation and R-gene expression plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed.
  • Expression of 13 R-gene loci was quantified.
  • Plants were grown in eight distinct environmental conditions across 12 A. thaliana accessions.

Main Results:

  • Environmental changes, both biotic and abiotic, consistently increased R-gene expression.
  • This response differed from average transcriptome and other stress-response gene patterns.
  • Pre-infection environmental changes influenced disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae.
  • Latitudinal gradients in R-gene expression and plasticity were observed, correlating with climate factors like drought and temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental shifts trigger increased R-gene expression, a distinct response from general stress genes.
  • R-gene expression plasticity is influenced by environmental factors, including climate.
  • Natural selection may favor R-gene expression variations that minimize fitness costs in predictable or permissive environments.