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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
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Stress reactivity speeds basic encoding processes in infants.

Kaya de Barbaro1,2, Kaili Clackson3, Sam Wass3

  • 1Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. kaya@cc.gatech.edu.

Developmental Psychobiology
|March 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants with higher stress reactivity demonstrated shorter attention spans and a greater preference for novelty. This suggests that stress may promote a faster, more stimulus-ready attentional profile in early development.

Keywords:
attentionhuman infantlocus coruleousphysiologyrecognition memorystressstress reactivity

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychobiology

Background:

  • Acute stress impacts frontal lobe function and attention in adults and animals.
  • The effects of stress on attention in developing populations remain under-examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between stress reactivity and attentional performance in infants.
  • To examine how physiological stress responses in infancy relate to visual attention and memory.

Main Methods:

  • Measured infant stress reactivity via heart rate response to auditory distress cues (crying).
  • Assessed infant performance using measures of looking duration and visual recognition memory.
  • Correlated stress reactivity with attentional measures in a cohort of infants.

Main Results:

  • Infants exhibiting higher stress reactivity displayed shorter visual looking durations.
  • Increased stress reactivity was associated with a greater novelty preference in infants.
  • Findings suggest a link between physiological stress response and attentional style in infancy.

Conclusions:

  • Stress reactivity in infancy is associated with a faster, more stimulus-ready attentional profile.
  • Further research is needed to explore potential long-term consequences of this heightened stimulus-responsivity.
  • Early life stress may influence the development of attentional control and focus.