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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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A Comment on Eerland et al. (2016).

William Hart1

  • 1University of Alabama wphart@gmail.com.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|March 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Verb aspect influences perceptions of criminal behavior. While one study found imperfective verbs increased detail and blame, replication attempts failed, suggesting methodological issues or sample-dependent effects.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Linguistic Psychology

Background:

  • The imperfective verb aspect (e.g., 'was running') can lead individuals to visualize actions in greater detail and assign more blame compared to the perfective aspect (e.g., 'ran').
  • This effect was initially reported by Hart & Albarracín (2011) in Experiment 3.
  • A subsequent attempt to reproduce these findings by Eerland et al. (2016) did not yield a replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the replicability of the effect of verb aspect on the perception of criminal behavior.
  • To explore potential reasons for the lack of replication, including methodological factors and sample characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • The study critically examines the original experiment by Hart & Albarracín (2011) and the replication attempt by Eerland et al. (2016).
Keywords:
aspectperson perceptionverbs

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  • It considers conceptual replications by Sherrill, Eerland, Zwaan, & Magliano (2015) to understand moderating factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Eerland et al. (2016) failed to replicate the original findings.
    • The lack of replication was potentially attributed to a Type I error in the original study, possibly due to methodological issues like a low sample size.
    • Conceptual replications suggest the effect might be contingent on specific sample characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • The initial finding that verb aspect influences blame attribution and detailed imagination of criminal acts may not be robust.
    • Methodological rigor, particularly adequate sample size, is crucial for reliable experimental results.
    • Future research should explore the boundary conditions and sample-dependent nature of this linguistic effect.