Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.

The Anatomy of Chloroplasts

The Anatomy of Chloroplasts

Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor specialized organelles called chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. They coordinate both stages of photosynthesis — the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use sunlight to release oxygen and produce chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions capture CO2 and use ATP and NADPH to produce sugar.
Structure of...

Anatomy of Chloroplasts

Anatomy of Chloroplasts

Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor chloroplasts—the vital organelles where photosynthesis takes place. In plants, the highest density of chloroplasts is found in the mesophyll cells of leaves.

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Identifying a program's "core components" using a co-design approach: a methodological worked example from a youth mental health and addictions navigation service.

Research involvement and engagement·2026

Same author

The itaconated macrophage secretome.

Nature chemical biology·2025

Same author

Dorsal dartos flap for buried penis treatment: surgical technique and long-term outcomes.

Pediatric surgery international·2025

Same author

Bacterial clippases shift ubiquitin.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2025

Same author

Augmentation cystoplasty in children with neuropathic bladder: long-term outcomes after 30 years experience.

Minerva urology and nephrology·2024

Same author

Bridging the gap in protein targeting.

Nature chemical biology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Chloroplasts at work during plant innate immunity.

Irene Serrano¹, Corinne Audran¹, Susana Rivas²

¹LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|March 20, 2016

Summary

Chloroplasts are key defense organelles in plants, integrating environmental signals and producing pro-defense signals. They also coordinate with other organelles and are targets for microbial manipulation during plant immune responses.

Keywords:

Chloroplast interorganellar signalling microbial effector plant immunity pro-defence molecule retrograde signalling stromule.

More Related Videos

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Plant Pathology
Cellular Signaling

Background:

Chloroplasts are known for photosynthesis, energy production, and redox homeostasis.
Emerging evidence highlights chloroplasts as crucial integrators of environmental signals and central defense organelles.
Their role extends beyond primary metabolism to plant immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the significance of chloroplasts in plant defense signaling.
To emphasize chloroplasts as primary sites for pro-defense signal biosynthesis and transmission.
To discuss interorganellar communication in amplifying plant immune responses and microbial manipulation strategies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on chloroplasts and plant immunity.
Analysis of signaling pathways involving chloroplasts in plant defense.
Examination of microbial strategies targeting chloroplast-based defense mechanisms.

Main Results:

Chloroplasts are vital for generating and transmitting defense signals during plant immune responses.
Interorganellar communication involving chloroplasts is crucial for amplifying plant immunity.
Microbes employ diverse strategies to disrupt chloroplast-mediated defense signaling.

Conclusions:

Chloroplasts play a multifaceted role in plant immunity, extending beyond their canonical metabolic functions.
Understanding chloroplast-based defense mechanisms and their manipulation by pathogens is critical for plant health.
Targeting interorganellar communication offers potential avenues for enhancing plant defense strategies.