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Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

A Simple, Rapid, and Quantitative Assay to Measure Repair of DNA-protein Crosslinks on Plasmids Transfected into Mammalian Cells
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Tube Exposure Repair.

Stirbu Oana1, Jorge Vila2

  • 1Consultant, Barcelona Institute of Ophthalmology, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice
|March 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Glaucoma drainage implants require patch grafts to prevent tube exposure and endophthalmitis. Current grafts often thin or erode due to poor host integration, necessitating better materials for glaucoma surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Glaucoma drainage implants are increasingly used as a primary surgical option.
  • Patch grafts are essential to cover implants, preventing tube exposure and endophthalmitis.
  • Existing patch grafts exhibit high rates of thinning and erosion due to poor host tissue integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review materials and methods for repairing exposed glaucoma drainage implant tubes.
  • To identify characteristics of an ideal patch graft for glaucoma surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing patch graft materials and repair techniques.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to patch graft failure.

Main Results:

  • Allogeneic patch grafts are prone to thinning and erosion.
Keywords:
Conjunctival erosionPatch graftTube shunt.

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  • Lack of cellular infiltration and poor integration contribute to graft failure.
  • An ideal graft requires tensile strength, tectonic support, and biological activity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Improved patch graft materials are needed to reduce glaucoma implant complications.
    • Future research should focus on grafts promoting host cell infiltration and integration.
    • Optimizing patch grafts can enhance the long-term success of glaucoma drainage implants.