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Gel-based Ocular Phantom Models in Glaucoma Diagnostics: A Bibliometric and Narrative Review
Neha Mohanty1, Nikhil Shrivastav2, Renu Thakur2
1Department of Optometry, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice
|August 12, 2026
Summary
Gel-based ocular phantoms are advancing glaucoma diagnostics by mimicking eye biomechanics for instrument validation. This research maps their evolution, highlighting a shift towards specialized glaucoma applications and preclinical testing.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmic research
- Biomedical engineering
- Medical device validation
Background:
- Gel-based ocular phantoms offer a controlled environment for testing biomechanical factors in ophthalmic research.
- Their application in validating diagnostic technologies is growing, yet a bibliometric analysis is lacking.
- This gap hinders understanding their evolution and translational relevance in glaucoma diagnostics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a bibliometric analysis of gel-based ocular phantoms in glaucoma diagnostics.
- To identify global research trends and the evolving role of these phantoms.
- To highlight their application in intraocular pressure (IOP) assessment and related diagnostic tools.
Main Methods:
- Bibliometric analysis of open-access literature from 2020-2025 using the Scopus database.
- Keyword co-occurrence and temporal overlay analysis performed with VOSviewer.
- Assessment of research trends, geographical contributions, and thematic evolution.
Main Results:
- Identified 1,116 publications on gel/tissue-mimicking phantoms, with a focus shift towards ocular biomechanics for IOP assessment.
- 62 publications specifically addressed glaucoma, IOP, biomechanical modeling, sensor validation, or fluid dynamics.
- The United States and China are leading contributors, with a recent trend towards ocular biomechanics in glaucoma diagnostic simulation.
Conclusions:
- Ocular gel phantoms are crucial for addressing biomechanical variability in glaucoma diagnostics.
- They provide an essential platform for safer preclinical validation of glaucoma diagnostic instruments.
- Integration of gel phantoms enhances accuracy in validating ocular biomechanics-related instruments.
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