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Related Concept Videos

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.

Murali Ariga1, M Nivean2, P Utkarsha3

  • 1Senior Consultant, Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Clinic, MN Eye Hospital, Chennai-600021, Tamil Nadu, India.

Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice
|March 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome is a significant clinical condition linked to various eye issues and systemic diseases. Research is exploring genetic mutations associated with PXF, offering new insights into its development and potential treatments.

Keywords:
HomocysteineMutations.MydriasisPseudoexfoliationSecondary glaucomaWeak zonules

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome is a clinically significant condition.
  • PXF is associated with complications like poor mydriasis, cataracts, and secondary glaucoma.
  • Systemic associations include cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases, and biochemical abnormalities like elevated homocysteine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical significance of Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome.
  • To highlight the ocular and systemic associations of PXF.
  • To discuss recent genetic findings related to PXF.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome.
  • Synthesis of clinical, biochemical, and genetic research findings.
  • Analysis of associations between PXF and other health conditions.

Main Results:

  • PXF syndrome presents with significant ocular complications, including challenges with pupil dilation and weakened lens support.
  • Elevated homocysteine levels and systemic conditions affecting the cardiovascular and central nervous systems are linked to PXF.
  • Emerging research has identified specific gene mutations associated with PXF.

Conclusions:

  • Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a complex condition with widespread clinical implications.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of PXF is crucial for future research and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further investigation into the systemic links of PXF may improve patient management.