Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection
Published on: May 2, 2011
Progress and challenges associated with the development of ricin toxin subunit vaccines
David J Vance1, Nicholas J Mantis1,2
1a Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Albany , NY , USA.
Abstract:
The past several years have seen major advances in the development of a safe and efficacious ricin toxin vaccine, including the completion of two Phase I clinical trials with two different recombinant A subunit (RTA)-based vaccines: RiVax™ and RVEc™ adsorbed to aluminum salt adjuvant, as well as a non-human primate study demonstrating that parenteral immunization with RiVax elicits a serum antibody response that was sufficient to protect against a lethal dose aerosolized ricin exposure. One of the major obstacles moving forward is assessing vaccine efficacy in humans, when neither ricin-specific serum IgG endpoint titers nor toxin-neutralizing antibody levels are accepted as definitive predictors of protective immunity. In this review we summarize ongoing efforts to leverage recent advances in our understanding of RTA-antibody interactions at the structural level to develop novel assays to predict vaccine efficacy in humans.
Related Concept Videos
Vaccine Production
Diphtheria
Vaccines
Cross-reactivity
Bacterial Toxins
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

