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Tissue engineering a human phalanx.

W J Landis1, S Chubinskaya2, T Tokui3

  • 1Goodyear Polymer Center, Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
|March 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study successfully engineered human phalanx bone and cartilage using cadaveric cells on scaffolds. Growth factors osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) enhanced tissue development, suggesting clinical feasibility for regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
articular cartilagebone developmentgrowth factorsperiosteumregenerationtissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Tissue engineering aims to repair or replace damaged human tissues.
  • Human biopsies are a potential cell source for tissue regeneration.
  • Developing functional bone and cartilage constructs is crucial for orthopedic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if human biopsies can be used to engineer human phalanges (bone and cartilage).
  • To evaluate the efficacy of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1/bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7)) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in enhancing chondrocyte function and extracellular matrix production.
  • To assess the long-term development and characteristics of engineered human phalanx constructs.

Main Methods:

  • Human chondrocytes and periosteum were cultured on biodegradable scaffolds (polyglycolic acid [PGA] and poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA)-poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)).
  • Constructs were implanted in nude mice for up to 60 weeks.
  • Characterization included gross observation, radiography/microcomputed tomography, histology, and gene expression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of human distal phalanx models using cadaveric chondrocytes and periosteum over 60 weeks.
  • Constructs enhanced with OP-1 and IGF-1 showed increased cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (collagen, proteoglycans) compared to controls.
  • OP-1 and OP-1/IGF-1 accelerated construct development and mineralization.

Conclusions:

  • Human cell-scaffold constructs can be successfully engineered and developed over extended periods.
  • Growth factors OP-1 and IGF-1 significantly enhance the development of engineered cartilage and bone constructs.
  • The findings support the clinical feasibility of engineering and transplanting autologous human tissues for patient treatment.