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Personality and gender differences in global perspective.

David P Schmitt1, Audrey E Long1, Allante McPhearson1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL, USA.

International Journal of Psychology : Journal International De Psychologie
|March 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender personality differences are larger in egalitarian cultures, challenging social role theories. Evolutionary perspectives may better explain these global variations in human personality traits.

Keywords:
Cross-cultural psychologyGender differencesPersonality

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cross-cultural Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology

Background:

  • Social role theories posit that gender personality differences stem from societal roles and socialization.
  • These theories predict smaller gender differences in more egalitarian societies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate global personality predictions derived from social role theories across cultures.
  • To explore alternative explanations for cross-cultural variations in gender personality differences.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of large-scale cross-cultural studies on personality traits (Big Five, Dark Triad), self-esteem, well-being, depression, and values.
  • Examination of objectively measured attributes including cognitive abilities, height, and blood pressure across cultures.
  • Comparison of empirical findings with predictions from social role theories.

Main Results:

  • Gender differences in personality and other attributes are larger in cultures with greater gender egalitarianism.
  • Empirical evidence contradicts the core prediction of social role theory regarding gender egalitarianism.
  • Observed patterns in cognitive and physical traits also show larger gender differences in egalitarian societies.

Conclusions:

  • Social role theory is insufficient for explaining global variations in gender personality differences.
  • Evolutionary theories, focusing on ecologically-evoked gender differences, offer a potentially more robust framework.
  • Further research into evolutionary perspectives is warranted to understand cross-cultural personality variations.