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Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm-epidemiology, predisposing factors, and biology
Thomas Schmitz-Rixen1,2, M Keese3, M Hakimi4
1Klinik für Gefäß- und Endovascularchirurgie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. schmitz-rixen@em.uni-frankfurt.de.
Langenbeck'S Archives of Surgery
|March 23, 2016
Summary
Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is decreasing but remains a risk. Smoking cessation and hypertension control are key to prevention, alongside understanding complex biological factors influencing rupture.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Biology
- Epidemiology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent degenerative vascular disease.
- AAA rupture leads to sudden death and is a significant public health concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, predisposing factors, and underlying biology of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA).
Main Methods:
- A selective literature search was conducted using Medline (PubMed).
- Original publications, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and Cochrane reviews pertaining to rAAA were evaluated.
Main Results:
- Hospital admission rates for rAAA are declining, approximately 10 per 100,000 men.
- Smoking is a major risk factor, contributing to ~50% of population risk.
- Rupture involves biomechanical factors and biological processes like matrix metalloproteinase activity, with aneurysm diameter being a key predictor.
Conclusions:
- Smoking cessation and hypertension management are crucial conservative strategies to prevent AAA rupture.
- Numerous biological factors contribute to the risk of AAA rupture.
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