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Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
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Hepatic gateways.

K Venkatesha Udupa1,2, David J Brayden3, Desmond C Winter2,4

  • 1a Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation , St Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|March 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a novel gut-vascular barrier (GVB) formed by specific cells. This barrier controls what passes from the gut into the bloodstream, impacting homeostasis and disease.

Keywords:
Gut-vascular barrierWnt/β-catenin signallingcryptogenic liver abscessgut-liver axisoral drug bioavailability

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The intestinal mucosal barrier is crucial for maintaining health by controlling the passage of substances between the gut and the bloodstream.
  • Dysfunction of this barrier is implicated in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the novel mechanisms underlying the selectivity of the intestinal barrier.
  • To investigate the role of the newly identified gut-vascular barrier (GVB) in regulating gut permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Studies involving interactions between murine and human intestines with Salmonella Typhimurium.
  • Analysis of cellular components forming the GVB, including enteroglial cells, pericytes, and endothelial cells (ECs).
  • Investigation of Salmonella Typhimurium's invasion mechanisms, focusing on the pathogenicity island (Spi) 2-encoded type III secretion system and beta-catenin signaling.

Main Results:

  • A gut-vascular barrier (GVB) was identified, comprising enteroglial cells and pericytes interacting with endothelial cells (ECs).
  • Salmonella Typhimurium was shown to breach the GVB via a mechanism dependent on the Spi 2-encoded type III secretion system.
  • A decrease in beta-catenin dependent signaling in gut endothelial cells was associated with pathogen penetration.

Conclusions:

  • The gut-vascular barrier (GVB) represents a critical gatekeeper of intestinal permeability.
  • Understanding GVB regulation offers potential therapeutic targets for gut barrier dysfunction and related diseases.
  • Insights into GVB mechanisms may illuminate the complex regulation of the gut-liver axis.