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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

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Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

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Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Atom Probe Tomography Studies on the CuIn,GaSe2 Grain Boundaries
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Atomically ordered solute segregation behaviour in an oxide grain boundary.

Bin Feng1, Tatsuya Yokoi2, Akihito Kumamoto1

  • 1Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Nature Communications
|March 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed atomic-scale yttrium solute segregation in yttria-stabilized zirconia using advanced microscopy. Yttrium atoms formed a unique, chemically ordered structure at grain boundaries, advancing materials science understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Grain boundary segregation significantly impacts material properties.
  • Atomic-scale identification of solute segregation remains a significant experimental challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly observe and characterize atomic-scale yttrium solute segregation in yttria-stabilized zirconia grain boundaries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atomic-resolution energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for direct observation.
  • Analyzed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) samples at the atomic scale.

Main Results:

  • Yttrium solute atoms were observed to preferentially segregate to specific sites within the grain boundary core.
  • A unique, chemically ordered structure was identified across the grain boundary due to yttrium segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Direct atomic-scale visualization of solute segregation is achievable.
  • Yttrium segregation in YSZ grain boundaries leads to the formation of distinct ordered structures, influencing material properties.