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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

80
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.0K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
Most enzymes...
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs
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Analyzing the Case for Bifunctional Catalysis.

Mie Andersen1, Andrew J Medford2,3, Jens K Nørskov2,3

  • 1Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Deutschland.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bifunctional catalysis, combining two catalytic sites, rarely enhances activity on single transition-metal surfaces due to universal scaling relations. Significant gains are only possible when combining different materials, like metals on oxide supports.

Keywords:
bifunctional catalysiscomputational chemistrydiffusionreaction mechanismstransition metals

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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Surface science
  • Computational chemistry

Background:

  • Bifunctional catalysis, the combination of two distinct catalytic sites, is often proposed to explain enhanced reaction rates.
  • Understanding the theoretical limits of bifunctional enhancement is crucial for designing efficient catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically evaluate the potential for enhanced catalytic activity through bifunctional coupling of different catalytic site types.
  • To investigate the role of scaling relations in limiting bifunctional gains on transition-metal surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of generic scaling-relation-based microkinetic models.
  • Exploration of theoretical limits for bifunctional gain across various model reactions.

Main Results:

  • Universal scaling relations between adsorption energies on transition-metal surfaces significantly hinder improvements from bifunctionality.
  • Bifunctional gains are largely suppressed on homogeneous transition-metal surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Significant bifunctional catalytic gains are unlikely on single transition-metal surfaces due to inherent scaling relations.
  • Combining different materials, such as metal nanoparticles on oxide supports, offers a promising strategy for achieving substantial bifunctional enhancement.