Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

1.5K
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
1.5K
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

2.0K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
2.0K
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

6.2K
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
6.2K
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I01:30

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I

1.5K
The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:
1.5K
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

1.3K
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
1.3K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

8.1K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A dose-escalation study of rituximab for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and Evans' syndrome: immunological analysis of B cells, T cells and cytokines.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2008
Same author

Association of MBL gene polymorphisms with major bacterial infection in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous PBSCT.

Genes and immunity·2005
Same author

Raised serum APRIL levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases·2004
Same author

Malignant transformation of endometriosis and genetic alterations of K-ras and microsatellite instability.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2004
Same author

Detection of p53 mutations in the plasma DNA of patients with ovarian cancer.

International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society·2004
Same author

Aberrant HS1 molecule in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Genes and immunity·2003

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K

Discovering phenotypic causal structure from nonexperimental data.

J Otsuka1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.

Journal of Evolutionary Biology
|March 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Causal search algorithms can now untangle complex trait relationships in evolutionary biology. This method distinguishes genuine selection from confounding factors, advancing our understanding of phenotypic integration.

Keywords:
causal modelsnatural selectionphenotypic integrationquantitative geneticstheory

More Related Videos

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

21.5K
In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
06:41

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K
In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

21.5K
In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
06:41

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Organismal evolutionary potential is linked to phenotypic organization.
  • Empirical studies face challenges distinguishing causal pathways in trait associations (e.g., pleiotropy, environment).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce causal search algorithms to dissect phenotypic integration.
  • Provide a method to differentiate genuine selection from spurious correlations.

Main Methods:

  • Employ causal search algorithms to analyze observational data.
  • Identify independence relationships to infer causal structures without prior assumptions.

Main Results:

  • Algorithms can distinguish between different modes of phenotypic integration.
  • Demonstrated application on rat morphological data reveals causal relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Causal search offers a robust framework for studying phenotypic organization.
  • This approach enhances the ability to identify evolutionary significant trait relationships.