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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

9.8K
Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.3K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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What is a Sensory System?01:31

What is a Sensory System?

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Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
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Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

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Afferent visual pathways in multiple sclerosis: a review.

Stuart L Graham1,2, Alexander Klistorner1,2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology
|March 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) damages the central nervous system, affecting vision through inflammation and demyelination. Advanced imaging techniques like OCT and MRI help understand visual pathway damage and identify potential biomarkers.

Keywords:
multiple sclerosisneuro-imagingneuro-ophthalmologyoptic neuritisoptic radiations

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DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination.
  • Visual pathway involvement is common in MS, presenting as optic neuritis (ON) or other deficits.
  • Progressive axonal loss and retinal ganglion cell loss occur even in eyes without prior ON.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the features of MS in the anterior and posterior visual systems.
  • To describe advances in newer diagnostic techniques for MS-related visual pathway damage.
  • To explore the inter-relationship of structural and functional measures as potential MS biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on MS and visual pathway involvement.
  • Discussion of advanced imaging and electrophysiological techniques: retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with probabilistic tractography (MRI), and multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs).
  • Analysis of the correlation between structural and functional measures.

Main Results:

  • MS affects both anterior and posterior visual pathways, leading to diverse clinical presentations.
  • Newer techniques like OCT, DTI, and mfVEPs provide detailed insights into MS-related visual pathway changes.
  • Inter-relationships between structural and functional measures are being elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced imaging and electrophysiological tools offer improved characterization of MS visual pathway involvement.
  • These techniques show promise as sensitive biomarkers for disease progression and therapeutic monitoring in MS.
  • Understanding the interplay between structure and function is crucial for developing effective MS management strategies.