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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Imaging Calcium Responses in GFP-tagged Neurons of Hypothalamic Mouse Brain Slices
09:14

Imaging Calcium Responses in GFP-tagged Neurons of Hypothalamic Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: August 24, 2012

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Sensitive red protein calcium indicators for imaging neural activity.

Hod Dana1, Boaz Mohar1,2, Yi Sun1

  • 1Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.

Elife
|March 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

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New red genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) offer improved sensitivity for in vivo neurophysiology. These red GECIs overcome limitations of previous versions, enabling deeper tissue imaging and combined techniques.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are crucial for monitoring neural activity.
  • GFP-based GECIs are widely used but have limitations in deep tissue imaging due to light scattering and absorption.
  • Existing red-shifted GECIs lack the sensitivity of GFP-based counterparts like GCaMP6.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel red-shifted GECIs with sensitivity comparable to state-of-the-art GFP-based indicators.
  • To evaluate the performance of these new red GECIs in various model organisms and experimental settings.
  • To demonstrate the utility of red GECIs for advanced in vivo imaging applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of red GECIs based on mRuby (jRCaMP1a, b) and mApple (jRGECO1a) fluorescent proteins.
Keywords:
C. elegansD. melanogasterGECIcalcium imagingfluorescent probesmouseneuroscienceprotein engineeringzebrafish

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  • Characterization of GECI performance in cultured neurons.
  • In vivo validation in multiple model organisms including mouse, Drosophila, zebrafish, and C. elegans.

    • Main Results:

    • The newly developed red GECIs (jRCaMP1a, b and jRGECO1a) exhibit sensitivity comparable to GCaMP6.
    • Successful characterization and validation across diverse model systems.
    • Demonstrated feasibility for deep-tissue imaging and dual-color imaging with GFP reporters.

    Conclusions:

    • The improved red GECIs provide a powerful tool for in vivo neural activity monitoring.
    • These red GECIs enhance deep-tissue imaging capabilities and enable combined imaging-optogenetics approaches.
    • The development represents a significant advancement for neurophysiological research, particularly in challenging in vivo contexts.