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Early detection of preeclampsia (PE) is key. Aspirin, especially at higher doses before 16 weeks, effectively reduces PE risk, particularly severe and preterm cases. Calcium may also help prevent PE.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading global cause of pregnancy complications, impacting maternal and fetal health.
  • Early detection algorithms for first-trimester PE are emerging to enable timely preventive interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze various literature-based preventive treatments for preeclampsia.
  • To assess the efficacy of different interventions in reducing PE incidence and severity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on preeclampsia prevention.
  • Analysis of treatment effectiveness based on dosage, timing, and patient characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Aspirin (over 75mg, before 16 weeks) reduces PE risk by 10-24%, primarily preventing severe and preterm PE.
  • Calcium supplementation (1g/day) is effective, especially in women with low baseline intake.
  • Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and vitamin D show promise but require further investigation.
  • Antioxidants, nitric oxide, progesterone, rest, and exercise were not found to reduce PE incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Aspirin and calcium are established preventive measures for preeclampsia.
  • Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of LMWH and vitamin D.
  • Several other interventions lack evidence for PE prevention.