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Neuropeptides in the cerebral circulation.

R Uddman1, L Edvinsson

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Malmö General Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

Cerebrovascular and Brain Metabolism Reviews
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Peptide-containing nerve fibers extensively innervate cerebral blood vessels, originating from various cranial and spinal ganglia. These nerves, including neuropeptide Y and calcitonin gene-related peptide, modulate cerebrovascular tone in conditions like hypertension and migraine.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Cerebral blood vessels are innervated by various nerve fibers.
  • The precise distribution and origin of these peptidergic and neurotransmitter-containing fibers are not fully elucidated.
  • Understanding this innervation is crucial for comprehending cerebrovascular regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the occurrence and distribution of peptide-containing nerve fibers in the cerebral circulation.
  • To identify the specific peptides present in these nerve fibers.
  • To determine the origins of these nerve fibers using various experimental techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemistry was employed to identify various neuropeptides within cerebral blood vessel nerve fibers.
  • Retrograde tracing and denervation experiments were utilized to trace the origin of these nerve fibers.
  • Combined techniques provided a comprehensive map of the cerebrovascular innervation pattern.

Main Results:

  • Cerebral blood vessels are invested with nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), among others.
  • These nerves form a network around cerebral arteries, with a denser supply to arteries than veins.
  • Nerve fibers originate from the superior cervical, sphenopalatine, otic, trigeminal, and jugular-nodose ganglia, as well as dorsal root ganglia.

Conclusions:

  • The sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nervous systems extensively innervate the cerebral vasculature.
  • Neuropeptides like NPY (vasoconstrictor) and VIP, SP, NKA, CGRP (vasodilators) play key roles in regulating cerebrovascular tone.
  • This intricate innervation pattern is vital for managing cerebral blood flow, particularly in conditions like hypertension and migraine.

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