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Related Concept Videos

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
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Gut Microbiota: The Brain Peacekeeper.

Chunlong Mu1, Yuxiang Yang1, Weiyun Zhu1

  • 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|March 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota influences brain health and behavior, impacting central nervous system disorders. Understanding this gut-brain axis is key for developing novel therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Keywords:
anxietycircadian rhythmgut microbiotagut–brain axisnervous systempattern recognition receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal and extraintestinal homeostasis.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the gut microbiota's influence on brain function and behavior.
  • Disruptions in gut microbiota composition are linked to neurophysiological disorders, supporting the microbiota-gut-brain axis concept.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries on the gut microbiota's role in central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases.
  • To discuss the bidirectional regulation between circadian rhythms and gut microbiota.
  • To explore the potential role of epigenetic regulation in neuronal cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific discoveries.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the gut microbiota-brain axis.
  • Examination of research on circadian rhythm and microbiota interactions.
  • Review of studies on epigenetic regulation in neurobiology.

Main Results:

  • The gut microbiota acts as a "peacekeeper" in brain health, influencing CNS disorders.
  • Bidirectional communication exists between circadian rhythms and gut microbiota.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms may mediate the gut microbiota's effects on neuronal function.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota is a significant factor in CNS-related diseases.
  • Targeted therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders can be developed based on microbiome research.
  • Further investigation into the microbiota-gut-brain axis and epigenetic regulation is warranted.