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Default-Mode Network Abnormalities in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Rémi Patriat1, Rasmus M Birn2, Taylor J Keding3

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|March 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) shows increased default-mode network (DMN) connectivity, unlike adults. This heightened DMN activity may link to re-experiencing symptoms and suggests compensatory brain mechanisms in youth with PTSD.

Keywords:
DMNconnectivitypediatric PTSDrs-fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) reveal altered default-mode network (DMN) connectivity.
  • These alterations include reduced within-network connectivity and diminished anticorrelation between the DMN and task-positive network (TPN).
  • Pediatric PTSD neurodevelopmental factors may lead to distinct DMN connectivity patterns compared to adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate default-mode network (DMN) connectivity in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using rs-fMRI.
  • To compare DMN functional connectivity in youth with PTSD to that of healthy controls.
  • To explore the relationship between DMN connectivity and PTSD symptom severity in youth.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was performed on 29 youth with PTSD and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
  • Default-mode network (DMN) properties were assessed using posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) seed-based connectivity and independent component analysis (ICA).

Main Results:

  • Youth with PTSD exhibited increased within-DMN connectivity, including enhanced PCC-inferior parietal gyrus connections.
  • Greater anticorrelation was observed between the DMN and attentional control networks in youth with PTSD compared to controls.
  • DMN connectivity strength positively correlated with re-experiencing symptoms, while TPN strength negatively correlated.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric PTSD is associated with heightened within-DMN connectivity, potentially contributing to re-experiencing symptoms.
  • Increased DMN-TPN anticorrelation may reflect compensatory mechanisms for suppressing trauma-related thoughts in pediatric PTSD.
  • These findings offer insights into neurobiological mechanisms in pediatric PTSD and potential biomarkers for illness and treatment response.