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Related Concept Videos

Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
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Haemoglobinopathies and the rheumatologist.

Michael Hughes1, Qasim Akram2, David C Rees3

  • 1Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre michael.hughes-6@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
|March 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Haemoglobinopathies cause diverse musculoskeletal issues, including bone disease, pain, and infections. Managing these complications requires a multidisciplinary approach involving rheumatologists and hematologists.

Keywords:
arthritisbonegouthaemoglobinopathiesinfectionmusclemusculoskeletalsickle cell anaemiasickle cell diseasethalassaemia

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Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Rheumatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Haemoglobinopathies are inherited disorders affecting haemoglobin structure or quantity.
  • Musculoskeletal (MSK) complications are frequent and impact the entire MSK system, not just bone.
  • Conditions like sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and thalassaemia present unique MSK challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the spectrum of MSK complications in haemoglobinopathies.
  • To highlight treatment challenges and considerations for rheumatologists.
  • To emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of typical MSK complications in haemoglobinopathies.
  • Discussion of specific conditions like SCA and thalassaemia.
  • Analysis of treatment challenges, including medication side effects.

Main Results:

  • Common MSK issues include painful vaso-occlusive crises and osteomyelitis in SCA, and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in thalassaemia.
  • Patients may develop secondary rheumatic diseases like gout, inflammatory arthritis, and autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTDs).
  • Treatment is complex, with potential for bone marrow suppression and risk of precipitating vaso-occlusive events with steroids in SCA.

Conclusions:

  • Rheumatologists must recognize the broad range of MSK manifestations in haemoglobinopathies.
  • Careful management is needed due to treatment complexities and potential complications.
  • Integrated, multidisciplinary care involving hematology is essential for optimal patient outcomes.