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Thyroid Dysfunction in Children Exposed to Iodinated Contrast Media.

Meaghan L Barr1, Harvey K Chiu1, Ning Li1

  • 1University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine (M.L.B.), Los Angeles 90073, California; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (H.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Biomathematics (N.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Section of Endocrine Surgery (M.W.Y.), Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (J.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Radiology (P.J.I.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|March 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric patients exposed to iodinated contrast media (ICM) face a significantly higher risk of developing hypothyroidism. Monitoring children for thyroid dysfunction after ICM exposure is crucial, especially within the first year.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Radiology
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Iodinated contrast media (ICM) contains high iodine levels, exceeding daily recommendations.
  • The impact of ICM on pediatric thyroid function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction in children exposed to ICM.
  • To determine if ICM exposure is associated with an increased incidence of thyroid dysfunction in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A single-institution case-control study was conducted from 2001 to 2015.
  • 870 pediatric patients with incident thyroid dysfunction were matched 1:1 to euthyroid controls.
  • Conditional logistic regression analyzed the association between ICM exposure and thyroid dysfunction within two years.

Main Results:

  • ICM exposure was linked to a significantly higher risk of incident hypothyroidism (OR 2.60, P < .01).
  • Hypothyroidism onset occurred at a median of 10.8 months post-exposure.
  • The study identified a 2.6-fold increased risk of hypothyroidism in children exposed to ICM.

Conclusions:

  • ICM exposure elevates the risk of hypothyroidism in pediatric patients.
  • Close monitoring for thyroid dysfunction is recommended for children receiving ICM.
  • Particular attention should be paid to the first year following ICM exposure.