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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
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Distributed acoustic cues for caller identity in macaque vocalization.

Makoto Fukushima1, Alex M Doyle1, Matthew P Mullarkey1

  • 1Laboratory of Neuropsychology National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Royal Society Open Science
|March 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Macaques can recognize individual callers by their unique vocalizations. Combining multiple acoustic features, rather than relying on single ones, significantly improves caller identification accuracy in these primates.

Keywords:
animal vocalizationcaller identitymacaquevoice recognition

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Area of Science:

  • Primate vocal communication
  • Bioacoustics
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Individual primates can be identified by their voice.
  • Macaques can discern conspecific identity from 'coo' calls.
  • Voice recognition requires integrated perception of multiple acoustic features, but how this occurs with variable utterances is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how macaques achieve voice recognition.
  • To determine the extent to which caller identity information is distributed across multiple acoustic features.
  • To identify specific acoustic features and spectrotemporal modulations informative for macaque caller identification.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded and analyzed a large sample of 'coo' calls from eight macaques.
  • Utilized statistical classification methods to assess the informativeness of single and multiple acoustic features.
  • Employed a regularized classifier analyzing the modulation power spectrum of calls.

Main Results:

  • Single acoustic features (fundamental frequency, duration, Weiner entropy) were informative but unreliable for caller identification.
  • A combination of multiple acoustic features enabled highly accurate caller identification.
  • Specific regions of spectral-temporal modulation, related to fundamental frequency and FM sweep direction, were informative.
  • Low-frequency spectrotemporal modulation contained cues for caller body size.

Conclusions:

  • Vocal cues for macaque caller identity are distributed across spectrotemporal components related to laryngeal and supralaryngeal vocalization parts.
  • Integration of these distributed cues allows for highly reliable caller identification.
  • A clear acoustic basis exists for individual macaque vocal recognition.