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Immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: past, present and future

Nagashree Seetharamu1, Daniel R Budman1, Kevin M Sullivan1

  • 1Monter Cancer Center, Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA.

Future Oncology (London, England)
|March 30, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 offer effective cancer treatment with durable responses and manageable side effects. This review covers their development, current use, and future potential in oncology.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint molecules (inhibitory ligands and T cell receptors) are crucial in cancer immune evasion.
  • Targeting these checkpoints harnesses the immune system to fight cancer.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown significant promise in treating various malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and current status of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • To discuss the clinical efficacy, safety, and future directions of ICIs.
  • To explore combination strategies, response evaluation, and predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data for ICIs like ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab.
  • Analysis of combination strategies and response evaluation criteria.
  • Discussion of toxicity profiles and predictive biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • ICIs targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 demonstrate impressive clinical activity and durable responses in non-small-cell lung cancer and other cancers.
  • These agents generally possess a favorable toxicity profile.
  • Combination strategies and predictive biomarkers are key areas for optimizing treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a significant advancement in cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further research into combination therapies and biomarkers will enhance their clinical utility.
  • These agents offer a promising avenue for harnessing endogenous immunity against cancer.
Keywords:
CTLA-4NSCLCPD-1PD-L1atezolizumabdurvalumabimmunotherapyipilimumabnivolumabpembrolizumab

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