Microcomputer-aided diagnosis in cardiology. An expert system based on clinical and phono-mechanocardiographic data

A knowledge-based consultation system capable of making multiple diagnoses in noninvasive cardiology is presented here. The system, expressly designed for a personal computer, is able to provide assistance in the diagnosis of 49 disease-entities. When tested in 52 retrospective cases (33 patients with one disease-entity, 17 with two, 2 with three), it made 39 correct diagnoses (75%). The average score of the actually present disease-entities was 94 +/- 3.2 (mean +/- standard error of the mean), significantly higher than the highest score obtained by the incorrect diagnoses (87.2 +/- 3.1) (p less than 0.001). The system was able to correctly perform 1 triple diagnosis and 9 double diagnoses. The results obtained, comparable with those of well-known expert systems (MYCIN, INTERNIST-1), demonstrate the reliability of a microcomputer-based expert system for medical diagnosis in cardiology.