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Pickering emulsions for skin decontamination.

Alicia Salerno1, Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger1, Pauline Rolland1

  • 1Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, CNRS UMR5007, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés, France; Université de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, France.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
|March 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study developed novel Pickering emulsions for effective skin decontamination of the chemical warfare agent VX. Silica-based Pickering emulsions significantly enhanced VX removal from skin due to favorable electrostatic interactions.

Keywords:
Fuller's earthPickering emulsionsSilicaSkin decontaminationVX

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Developing effective decontamination methods for highly toxic chemical warfare agents like VX is crucial for military and civilian safety.
  • Traditional decontamination solutions often face challenges in efficiency and skin compatibility.
  • Solid-stabilized emulsions, known as Pickering emulsions, offer a promising alternative due to their unique formulation properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate innovative Pickering emulsion systems for enhanced skin decontamination of VX.
  • To compare the efficacy of silica- and Fuller's earth-based Pickering emulsions against aqueous suspensions.
  • To investigate the influence of particle properties, such as charge and pH, on decontamination efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of Pickering emulsions (PE) using silica (S-PE) and Fuller's earth (FE-PE).
  • Preparation of aqueous suspensions of silica (S-W) and Fuller's earth (FE-W) for comparison.
  • In vitro evaluation of decontamination efficiency against VX exposure on skin, 45 minutes post-exposure.
  • Quantification of VX remaining on and in the skin using appropriate analytical techniques.

Main Results:

  • All tested formulations significantly reduced VX on and in the skin compared to untreated controls.
  • Silica-based formulations (S-PE and S-W) and FE-PE achieved over 90% VX removal.
  • Fuller's earth aqueous suspension (FE-W) showed the lowest efficacy, removing 85% of VX.
  • Particle charge and formulation pH were identified as key factors influencing decontamination effectiveness, with low pH and positive charge enhancing VX removal.

Conclusions:

  • Pickering emulsions, particularly those stabilized with silica, demonstrate superior efficacy in VX skin decontamination compared to simple aqueous suspensions.
  • The electrostatic interactions between VX and silica particles at low pH significantly contribute to enhanced VX removal.
  • Further research into Pickering emulsion systems holds potential for developing advanced decontamination strategies against chemical warfare agents.