[Harlequin phenomenon associated with neurological abnormalities: A case report]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Autonomic Nervous System Disorders

Background:

• Harlequin phenomenon is characterized by unilateral facial flushing and sweating, with contralateral anhidrosis.
• It results from autonomic neuropathy affecting sympathetic vasodilator neurons.

Observation:

• A 9-year-old boy presented with unilateral facial erythema and Horner's syndrome.
• His medical history included generalized myoclonic epilepsy, psychomotor delay, and mental retardation.

Findings:

• The patient was diagnosed with Harlequin phenomenon.
• This case is the first reported instance of Harlequin phenomenon associated with Horner syndrome, epilepsy, and developmental delays.

Implications:

• Clinicians should recognize Harlequin phenomenon due to its distinct presentation.
• Awareness is crucial for timely diagnosis and investigation of associated conditions.