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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Thyroid dysfunction in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Shahnaz Attaullah1, Bibi Safia Haq2, Mairman Muska3

  • 1Dr. Shahnaz Attaullah, Ph.D (Biochemistry), Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Jinnah College for Women, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
|March 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid dysfunction is significantly more prevalent in females than males in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkwa region. Factors like pregnancy and lactation may contribute to this disparity in thyroid disease occurrence.

Keywords:
Tetra-iodothyronineThyroid dysfunctionThyroidstimulating hormoneTri-iodothyronine

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Thyroid disorders represent a significant global health concern.
  • Understanding demographic variations in thyroid dysfunction is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between demographic factors and thyroid dysfunction.
  • To analyze the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in relation to gender and geographic location.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples were collected and analyzed for thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
  • Ethical approval was obtained from the Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI), Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid abnormalities were significantly more common in females (75.8%) compared to males (24.2%).
  • The majority of patients diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction resided in the Peshawar and Charsadda regions.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid diseases exhibit a higher incidence in females compared to males within the Khyber Pakhtunkwa province of Pakistan.
  • Lactation and pregnancy are identified as potential contributing factors to the increased prevalence of thyroid disease in women.