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Infantile onset diabetes mellitus in developing countries - India

Poovazhagi Varadarajan1

  • 1Poovazhagi Varadarajan, Department of Pediatrics, Chengalpattu Medical College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603001, India.

World Journal of Diabetes
|March 30, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Infantile onset diabetes mellitus (IODM) is a rare childhood metabolic disorder. Genetic diagnosis and targeted treatments, like oral medications, significantly improve outcomes for infants with monogenic diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Infantile onset diabetes mellitus (IODM) is a rare metabolic disorder in children under one year.
  • It presents heterogeneously, often with diabetic ketoacidosis, and is frequently misdiagnosed.
  • Monogenic causes, such as potassium channel mutations and Wolcott Rallison syndrome, are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on infantile onset diabetes mellitus (IODM) in India.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and recent advancements in management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on infantile onset diabetes mellitus (IODM).
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, genetic causes, and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • 83% of IODM cases present with diabetic ketoacidosis; 67% are initially misdiagnosed.
  • Potassium channel mutations (sulfonylurea-responsive) and Wolcott Rallison syndrome are common.
  • Associated conditions include developmental delay and seizures.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic diagnosis revolutionizes IODM management, enabling a switch from insulin to oral hypoglycemic agents in specific cases.
  • Mortality rates in Indian neonatal diabetes studies reach 32.5%.

Keywords:
Co-morbid stateDiabetes mellitusInfantsMonogenic diabetesMortality

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