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Related Concept Videos

Biofuels01:25

Biofuels

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The microbial conversion of organic matter into biofuels holds potential as a renewable energy source. Among biofuel sources, microalgae are recognized as a highly efficient and adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production, owing to their rapid biomass accumulation, elevated lipid productivity, and capacity to proliferate in diverse aquatic systems, including freshwater, marine, and wastewater habitats. Unlike terrestrial crops, microalgae do not compete for land and can achieve significantly...
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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Bioremediation is an environmentally sustainable process that employs living organisms—primarily microorganisms—to degrade or neutralize pollutants from contaminated environments. In oil spills and hydrocarbon pollution, bioremediation involves the use of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to transform toxic compounds into less harmful substances. This approach leverages natural microbial metabolic processes and is considered both cost-effective and ecologically favorable compared to...
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Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
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Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
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Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae
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Microalgae as a Source for VLC-PUFA Production.

Inna Khozin-Goldberg1, Stefan Leu2, Sammy Boussiba2

  • 1Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel. khozin@bgu.ac.il.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
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Summary

Microalgae are a rich source of essential very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA) for health. Genetic engineering and photobiotechnology offer promising avenues to enhance VLC-PUFA production in these microorganisms.

Keywords:
BiotechnologyDiversityLipid metabolismMicroalgaeOmega-3 LC-PUFAOmega-6 LC-PUFA

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Marine Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Microalgae are an underutilized resource for producing valuable very long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA).
  • VLC-PUFAs are crucial for human nutrition and have significant medicinal applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diversity of microalgae concerning VLC-PUFA biosynthesis.
  • To detail the biochemical pathways involved in VLC-PUFA production.
  • To discuss the role and cellular localization of VLC-PUFAs in microalgae.

Main Methods:

  • Review of microalgal diversity and VLC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways.
  • Analysis of sequential desaturation and elongation of C18-PUFA acyl groups.
  • Examination of spatial localization and cellular roles of VLC-PUFAs.

Main Results:

  • Microalgae exhibit diverse capabilities for VLC-PUFA biosynthesis.
  • Key pathways involve sequential desaturation and elongation of C18-PUFA precursors.
  • Recent advances in genetic transformation enable enhanced VLC-PUFA production.

Conclusions:

  • Microalgae represent a significant, yet untapped, source of VLC-PUFAs.
  • Genetic and metabolic engineering hold potential for optimizing VLC-PUFA yields.
  • Photobiotechnology offers sustainable strategies for enhanced microalgal VLC-PUFA production.