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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling
Published on: February 5, 2018
A convenient synthesis of 5'-triantennary N-acetyl-galactosamine clusters based on nitromethanetrispropionic acid
Michael T Migawa1, Thazha P Prakash1, Guillermo Vasquez1
1Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States.
Abstract:
A convenient method for the synthesis of several triantennary GalNAc clusters based on a nitromethanetrispropionic acid core was developed. The synthetic approach involves pentafluorophenolic ester intermediates which can be used in a one-pot, seven reaction procedure to quickly prepare a variety of triantennary GalNAc conjugated ASOs. The GalNAc clusters were conjugated to the 5'-end of an antisense oligonucleotide and evaluated for activity in primary mouse hepatocytes where they showed ∼10-fold improvement in activity.
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Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.