Indicators and Methods to Understand Past Environments from ExoMars Rover Drills.

Area of Science:

• Astrogeology and Planetary Science
• Geochemistry and Mineralogy
• Astrobiology

Background:

• ExoMars rover will analyze drilled subsurface material.
• Subsurface analysis offers unique insights into Martian geological history.
• Understanding past water activity is crucial for astrobiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze drilled material from 2m depth using multiple instruments.
• To investigate geological features and mineralogy at candidate landing sites.
• To infer past water presence and conditions on Mars.

Main Methods:

• Joint analysis of drilled samples with multiple instruments.
• Comparison of subsurface data with local geological context and outcrops.
• Utilizing infrared wall scanning, orbital, and rover imaging.

Main Results:

• Identification of sub-mm scale layering and sedimentary features.
• Focus on phyllosilicates, OH content, hydrated salts (perchlorates, sulfates), and smectites.
• Analysis of particle size, fluvial features, and grain composition.

Conclusions:

• Subsurface analysis provides valuable data on Martian geology and past water.
• Specific landing sites offer unique targets for studying hydration and sedimentary processes.
• Findings will inform future Mars exploration missions and the search for life.