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Decoherence spectroscopy with individual two-level tunneling defects.

Jürgen Lisenfeld1, Alexander Bilmes1, Shlomi Matityahu2

  • 1Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.

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|April 1, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that tunneling defects in superconducting qubits cause decoherence. Researchers found that phononic modes, not qubit interactions, affect energy relaxation rates, while thermal TLSs cause dephasing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microfabricated quantum devices, particularly superconducting qubits, are hindered by decoherence.
  • Tunneling material defects, forming parasitic two-level systems (TLSs), are a primary noise source in these devices.
  • TLSs on electrode surfaces and in tunnel junctions significantly impact qubit coherence, impeding solid-state quantum processor development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the quantum state evolution of coherently operated TLSs using a superconducting qubit.
  • To elucidate the individual properties and environmental interactions of TLSs.
  • To identify the mechanisms behind decoherence in superconducting qubits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a superconducting qubit as a probe for TLS quantum state evolution.
  • Analyzed energy relaxation rates and their frequency dependence.
  • Measured Ramsey and spin-echo dephasing rates at TLS energy degeneracy points.
  • Applied the standard tunneling model for theoretical explanation.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a frequency-dependence in TLS energy relaxation rates, attributed to coupling with phononic modes.
  • Observed that most TLSs exhibit no pure dephasing at degeneracy points.
  • Found linear and quadratic scaling of Ramsey and spin-echo dephasing rates with asymmetry energy, respectively.
  • Identified interaction with incoherent, low-frequency (thermal) TLSs as the primary cause of pure dephasing in coherent, high-frequency TLSs.

Conclusions:

  • Phononic coupling, rather than mutual TLS interactions, dominates energy relaxation.
  • The standard tunneling model effectively explains observed dephasing behaviors.
  • Coherent high-frequency TLS dephasing is mainly driven by interactions with thermal TLSs, offering insights into noise reduction strategies for quantum computing.