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Top-down (Prior Knowledge) and Bottom-up (Perceptual Modality) Influences on Spontaneous Interpersonal

Christina L Gipson1, Jamie C Gorman1, Eric E Hessler2

  • 1Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.

Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences
|April 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous interpersonal synchronization is influenced by prior knowledge of a partner's sensory abilities. This top-down influence impacts synchronization differently based on whether partners share or differ in their perceptual modalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Interpersonal coordination is a fundamental human activity, often occurring unintentionally through synchronization.
  • Spontaneous synchronization is influenced by both internal (top-down) and external (bottom-up) factors.
  • Existing theories, such as joint-action/shared cognition and ecological-interactive theories, offer different perspectives on these influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of top-down influences (prior knowledge of partner's perceptual modality) and bottom-up factors (perceptual modality combination) on spontaneous interpersonal synchronization.
  • To examine how these factors interact and are explained by different theoretical frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • An empirical study involving twelve dyads performing a finger oscillation task.
  • Participants attended to their partner's movements via visual, auditory, or combined visual-auditory modalities.
  • Half of the participants received prior knowledge of their partner's perceptual capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The impact of top-down influence on synchronization varied with the perceptual modality combination.
  • When partners used the same perceptual modalities, top-down influence decreased synchronization.
  • When partners used different perceptual modalities, top-down influence increased synchronization.
  • The persistence of behavioral changes due to perceptual information ('social memory') was enhanced by top-down influence.

Conclusions:

  • Top-down influences significantly modulate spontaneous interpersonal synchronization, with effects contingent on perceptual modality alignment.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing effective human-human and human-machine coordination strategies.
  • The findings provide empirical support for integrating cognitive and ecological perspectives on interpersonal synchronization.