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Intelligence quotient in paediatric sickle cell disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jamie M Kawadler1, Jonathan D Clayden1, Chris A Clark1

  • 1Developmental Neurosciences, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|April 3, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and no visible brain abnormalities on MRI still show lower IQ scores compared to healthy children. This suggests other factors significantly impact cognitive function in SCD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a leading cause of stroke in children globally.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to identify silent cerebral infarction (SCI) in SCD patients.
  • Lower IQ scores are observed in children with SCI and stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of infarction on IQ in children with SCD.
  • To determine if children with SCI but no apparent MRI abnormalities have lower IQ compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 articles.
  • Included studies focused on pediatric SCD populations with MRI data and Wechsler IQ scores.
  • Compared IQ across three groups: stroke vs. SCI, SCI vs. no SCI, and no SCI vs. healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Stroke patients had a 10-point lower IQ than SCI patients.
  • SCI patients had a 6-point lower IQ than those with no SCI.
  • Children with SCD and no SCI had a 7-point lower IQ than healthy controls.

Conclusions:

  • Children with SCD and no apparent MRI abnormalities exhibit significantly lower IQ than healthy peers.
  • Biological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors likely play a crucial role in cognitive function for children with SCD.
Abstract

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