Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
Published on: June 16, 2011
Genetic evolution of Human Enterovirus A71 subgenotype C4 in Shenzhen, China, 1998-2013
Yaqing He1, Linjie Zou2, Marc Ka Chun Chong2
1Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China.
Background:
Human Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the severest enteroviruses that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among children. This study identified the mutations of EV-A71 VP1 amino acid residues over a number of years and explored the possible association of identified mutations and HFMD epidemic outbreaks in Shenzhen, China.
Methods:
A total of 3760 stool specimens were collected from HFMD patients by Shenzhen Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between 1998 and 2013. In total 289 VP1 strains were sequenced in this study, and amino acids mutation frequency was calculated. There were 2040 China nationwide sequences downloaded from Genebank as replication data.
Results:
In our samples, 1036 subjects (27.6%) were EV-A71 infected. Three amino acid positions on VP1 protein were found to have high mutation prevalence. These are Q22H, S283T, and A289H. Site 22 showed a fast mutation fixation in the year 2008, at the time of the large scale epidemic outbreak in Shenzhen. Analysis of the nationwide data replicated the same trend of mutation prevalence of the three sites.
Conclusion:
The switching from Q to H on site 22 of the EV-A71 VP1 strain might be associated with the HFMD outbreak in Shenzhen in 2008. The identified amino acid sites 22, 283 and 289 provided information for developing anti-viral drugs against EV-A71 in the future.
More Related Videos
21:55Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling
Published on: April 2, 2012
11:09EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay
Published on: September 11, 2016
Related Concept Videos
Viral Mutations
Evolution of Microbial Genome
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
Viral Recombination
Human Virome