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Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound
Published on: June 3, 2021
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Leukocyte plugging and cortical capillary flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Mami Ishikawa1,2, Mayumi Kajimura3, Takayuki Morikawa3,4
1Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanumacho Omiya-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan. m.ishikawa@jichi.ac.jp.
Acta Neurochirurgica
|April 5, 2016
Summary
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) acutely impairs cortical microcirculation by causing leukocyte plugging in capillaries, leading to reduced blood flow. This no-reflow phenomenon worsens brain ischemia and clinical status following SAH.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cerebrovascular Biology
- Microcirculation Research
Background:
- Increased intracranial pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is linked to brain ischemia and poor clinical outcomes.
- Cerebral surface arterial flow remains stable during SAH surgery, but internal cortical microcirculation changes are less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the immediate impact of SAH on cortical microcirculation using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM).
- To identify the cellular mechanisms contributing to microcirculatory dysfunction post-SAH.
Main Methods:
- SAH was induced in a mouse model via endovascular perforation.
- Cortical capillary blood flow (red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets) was measured using TPLSM and line-scan analysis 60 minutes post-SAH.
- Comparison groups included sham surgery and treatment with anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody.
Main Results:
- Leukocyte, platelet, and red blood cell velocities significantly decreased in cortical capillaries 60 minutes after SAH.
- Leukocyte adhesion and plugging in capillaries obstructed blood flow, causing a no-reflow phenomenon.
- Reduced blood cell velocities were restored by P-selectin antibody treatment, highlighting its role in leukocyte adhesion.
Conclusions:
- SAH acutely exacerbates cortical microcirculation dysfunction at its onset.
- Leukocyte plugging within capillaries is a primary cause of aggravated cortical microcirculation following SAH.
