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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
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[Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid - a Retrospective Study].

E Szabó, M Palos, P Skalická

    Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie : Casopis Ceske Oftalmologicke Spolecnosti a Slovenske Oftalmologicke Spolecnosti
    |April 5, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is a severe autoimmune disease. Systemic immunosuppressive therapy, including mycophenolate mofetil, effectively suppresses OCP activity and progression, especially when initiated early.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Autoimmune Diseases
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is a rare, severe, sight-threatening autoimmune disease affecting the conjunctiva, primarily in elderly women.
    • It is characterized by chronic inflammation and cicatrization, leading to significant ocular complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the success rate of stabilizing ocular findings in patients diagnosed with OCP.
    • To assess the efficacy and side effects of various immunosuppressive therapies, with a focus on mycophenolate mofetil (MM).

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective study of 51 OCP patients (1992-2013) at a specialized center.
    • Monitoring of OCP clinical stages, visual acuity, disease activity, complications, and surgical interventions.
    • Evaluation of systemic immunosuppressive therapy, including corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and mycophenolate mofetil (MM).

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  • Assessment of diagnostic methods like conjunctival biopsy and immunofluorescence.

    • Main Results:

    • Most patients (55%) were referred at advanced clinical stages (3 or 4).
    • Visual acuity was maintained in 76% of eyes; 93.1% of eyes remained stable in their OCP clinical stage.
    • Mycophenolate mofetil (MM) effectively controlled disease activity in 69% of patients, with minimal side effects reported.
    • Conjunctival biopsy and immunofluorescence supported OCP diagnosis in 48% and 22% of tested samples, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • OCP diagnosis relies on clinical findings and patient history, supported by immunofluorescence.
    • Systemic immunosuppressive therapy, particularly mycophenolate mofetil (MM), is effective in suppressing OCP activity and progression.
    • Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is crucial for better disease management and visual outcomes.