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Malignancy in the neonate.

D B Crom1, J A Wilimas, A A Green

  • 1Department of Hematology/Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38128.

Medical and Pediatric Oncology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Neonatal cancers, including neuroblastomas and leukemias, were studied in 34 infants. A significant 68% survived, highlighting potential for positive outcomes in early childhood cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Neonatal cancers are rare but present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Understanding the spectrum and outcomes of malignancies in the first 29 days of life is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, pathology, and outcomes of infants diagnosed with cancer within the first 29 days of life.
  • To investigate associated anomalies, genetic factors, and perinatal influences in neonatal malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 34 infants diagnosed with cancer at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1962 and 1988.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, tumor types, initial symptoms, pathological findings, and long-term follow-up.

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Main Results:

  • The most common diagnoses were neuroblastoma (19 cases) and leukemia (6 cases).
  • An enlarging abdomen or abdominal mass was the most frequent initial symptom.
  • Sixty-eight percent (23 out of 34) of infants achieved disease-free survival, with follow-up ranging from 2 months to 24 years.
  • No increased incidence of congenital anomalies or perinatal insults was observed.
  • Hereditary retinoblastoma was noted in one parent of each infant with retinoblastoma.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal cancers, despite their rarity, demonstrate a potentially favorable prognosis in a significant proportion of cases.
  • The etiology of neonatal tumors likely involves complex factors, with limited evidence for common genetic predispositions or perinatal insults beyond specific hereditary conditions.