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Manual aiming in healthy aging: does proprioceptive acuity make the difference?

Werner F Helsen1, Florian Van Halewyck1, Oron Levin2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.

Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
|April 6, 2016
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Summary

Older adults may rely more on predictive models, not just vision, to compensate for declines in proprioception (sense of body position) during movement. Physical activity also impacts proprioceptive acuity.

Keywords:
AgingAiming performanceMotor controlPhysical activityProprioceptionVisual feedback

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Movement Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Age-related declines in proprioception are common.
  • Physical activity levels may influence sensory-motor function in older adults.
  • Understanding compensatory strategies in older adults is crucial for maintaining motor independence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if non-active older adults depend more on visual information for aiming movements.
  • To determine if age-related proprioceptive declines mediate performance in aiming tasks.
  • To explore the role of physical activity in proprioceptive acuity and motor control.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with young and older adults, divided into active and non-active subgroups.
  • Experiment 1 involved executing wrist-aiming movements with and without visual feedback.
  • Experiment 2 assessed passive proprioceptive acuity using wrist motion detection and position matching tests.

Main Results:

  • Aiming accuracy was similar across age groups, with or without visual feedback.
  • Older adults showed longer movement times and more corrective submovements.
  • Proprioceptive acuity declined with age and lower physical activity, but did not predict aiming task performance.

Conclusions:

  • Decline in proprioceptive acuity did not directly predict aiming task performance changes in older adults.
  • Older adults compensate for reduced proprioception by utilizing more time and potentially predictive models.
  • Physical activity positively influences proprioceptive acuity, suggesting a modifiable factor in sensory-motor aging.