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Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

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Relationship Between Balance Automaticity and Dual-Task Interference in Older Adults.

Simona Kusleikiene^1,2, Kazimieras Pukenas¹, Margarita Drozdova Statkeviciene^1,3

¹Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.

|December 30, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Balance automaticity has minimal impact on dual-tasking interference in older adults. Instead, gender and cognitive status significantly influence balance control, especially in double-support stances.

Keywords:

postural control sway entropy

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Neuroscience
Biomechanics

Background:

Age-related decline impacts dual-tasking (DT) performance in older adults.
DT interference is linked to attentional resources and balance automaticity.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may reduce sensorimotor capacity, increasing attentional demands for balance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if automaticity affects balance stability in older adults with MCI during DT.
To determine if this relationship varies with balance task difficulty.

Main Methods:

Sixty-seven older adults (23 with MCI) performed single and dual tasks (mathematical counting) in double-support and tandem stances.
Center-of-pressure (COP) sway velocity (Vcop) was measured using a force plate.
Regression analyses assessed the contribution of baseline sway entropy to DT cost (DTC) of Vcop, controlling for age, cognitive scores, gender, and cognitive status.

Main Results:

Baseline sway entropy explained minimal variance (0.25%-4%) in DTC of Vcop.
Gender and cognitive status explained 12%-20% of variance in double-support stance, but not tandem stance.

Conclusions:

Sway entropy has a minor effect on DT interference in older adults.
Gender and cognitive status are more significant factors in balance control.
These factors are crucial for understanding balance in older populations, particularly those with MCI.