Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

19.5K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
19.5K
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

960
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
960
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

2.5K
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
2.5K
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

58.9K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
58.9K
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

18.8K
18.8K
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

830
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
830

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Are We Making Genetically Modified Humans?

The CRISPR journal·2026
Same author

Reply to Z Yu and F Qin.

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2026
Same author

CRISPR-based technologies for large DNA insertions.

Trends in biotechnology·2026
Same author

Under Pressure: Can CRISPR Deliver Despite Contextual Headwinds?

The CRISPR journal·2026
Same author

<i>Clostridium septicum</i> Alpha Toxin-Based Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Protects Broiler Chickens Against Clostridial Dermatitis.

Avian diseases·2026
Same author

Regulatory Support for CRISPR in Ag: A Timely EU-Turn.

The CRISPR journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
11:53

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Published on: September 8, 2012

28.1K

Deciphering and shaping bacterial diversity through CRISPR.

Alexandra E Briner1, Rodolphe Barrangou1

  • 1Genomic Sciences Program, Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Campus Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, United States.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|April 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR-Cas systems drive bacterial evolution and speciation through a constant arms race with phages. This bacterial defense mechanism also inspires novel antimicrobials and genetic engineering tools for microbiome applications.

More Related Videos

Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System
07:59

Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System

Published on: April 25, 2025

1.5K
Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
10:46

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

Published on: October 18, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
11:53

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Published on: September 8, 2012

28.1K
Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System
07:59

Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System

Published on: April 25, 2025

1.5K
Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
10:46

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

Published on: October 18, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Bacteria and phages are locked in a perpetual evolutionary arms race.
  • CRISPR-Cas systems are key mediators of this co-evolutionary dynamic.
  • These systems influence bacterial genome evolution and can lead to speciation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of CRISPR-Cas systems in bacterial evolution and diversity.
  • To highlight the dual role of CRISPR-Cas as a bacterial defense and a biotechnological tool.
  • To discuss the potential of CRISPR-Cas for microbiome engineering.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract does not specify methods, but implies analysis of evolutionary dynamics and biotechnological applications.
  • Focus on sequence-specific DNA targeting capabilities of CRISPR-Cas.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems generate diversity by shaping both phage and bacterial genomes.
  • Acquisition or loss of CRISPR immunity can trigger bacterial speciation.
  • CRISPR-Cas technology enables development of smart antimicrobials and genetic engineering tools.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems are central to bacterial-phage interactions and bacterial evolution.
  • The sequence-specific DNA cleavage ability of CRISPR-Cas offers powerful applications in biotechnology and microbiome management.
  • Programmable targeting of bacteria using CRISPR-Cas holds promise for therapeutic and engineering applications.